Fibrocystic breast changes are a common condition affecting approximately 60% of women, particularly those aged 30-50 years. It is characterized by the presence of breast cysts, pain or masses, and breasts that feel lumpy or nodular. The symptoms may worsen during the menstrual cycle due to hormonal stimulation but are not associated with cancer.
While fibrocystic changes of the breasts include fibroadenomas, cysts, fibrosis, and papillomas, the exact cause of this condition remains unknown. However, reproductive hormones, especially estrogen, are believed to play a role.
Symptoms may include a lumpy texture of the breasts, which are smooth, well-defined, and freely moving. Women may experience persistent or intermittent aching and breast swelling, which are closely related to the menstrual cycle. Symptoms peak days before each period and decrease once the cycle is over. At their peak, breasts may appear full, heavy, swollen, and tender to the touch.
While fibrocystic changes may not always cause symptoms, diagnosis can be made through clinical examination, medical history, and imaging tests such as ultrasound of the breasts or mammography. A biopsy is rarely advised.
For asymptomatic women, no treatment is necessary, but regular follow-up is advised. Management includes education about the condition and proper fitting bras, as well as pain medication if needed. The condition usually subsides after menopause, as hormone level fluctuations decrease.
It is worth noting that fibrocystic breast changes are normal breast changes and not a disease. However, risk factors may include the early age of menstruation or having children at a late age or not at all. Overall, this condition is not a cause for concern, but any changes in the breasts should always be reported to a healthcare provider.